Hydrocarbon-burner.



' No; 735,442. PATENTED AUG. 4, 1903.

' e. L. BADGER.

HYDROGARBON BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 21 1901.

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PATENTED AUG.4, 1903.

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G. L. BADGER. HYDROCARBON BURNER.

APPLICATION PILEDDEO. 21, 1901.

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STATES L Patented August 4, 1903.;

PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE L. BADGER, OF QUINCY, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO EQUITABLE AUTO-TRUCK POWER AND BURNER COMPANY, OF LYNN, MASSACHU- SETTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

HYD ROCaRB O N-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 735,442, dated August 4, 1903. Application filed December 21,1901. Serial No. 86,831. (No model.)

To all whom/it may concern:

Beit known that LGEORGE L. Bnnenaa citizen of the United States, residing at Quincy, .in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the in vention, such as will enable others skilled in [O the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

' My invention relates to hydrocarbon or oil burners, more particularly that class in which the supply of liquid or fluidis delivered or :5 fed to the burner in the form of vapor'and its mixture is effected with air before reaching the point of ignition.

The primary object of the invention is to prevent the ignition of the vapor or hydrocarbon prior to thecommingling therewith of the requisite amount of air in order to provide means whereby a greatly-increased heating capacity may be obtained in this class of burners.

When the velocity of the mixed hydrocarbon and air in the mixing or induction tube of a Bunsen burner becomes less than the rate of propagation of the flame, the flame will strike back and ignite the hydrocarbon-vapor at the discharge-orifice. To guard against this action or back-firing, a foraminous or perforated capor fire-plate is usually provided at the discharge end of said tube.

3 5 In burners of comparatively large capacity it has been found necessary inorder to obtain quiet or desirable combustion and properly distribute the flame to provide a fire- 4o flame opening area, so that the velocity of the mixture passing into the combustion-chamber through the burner-openings will be comparatively low.

For manyfpurposes it is important that the 4,5 volume of flame supplied by the burner may be varied throughout an extended or wide range. In the ordinary mixture of hydrocarbon and air and the low velocity thereof through the burner or flame openings usually employed the cooling action of the fire-plate at m of Fig. 1.

alone prevents the flame from striking back when the volume of mixture supplied to the burner is reduced.

To prevent overheating of the fire-plate of large burners, the usual practice is to provide said plate with a large number of air-tubes, extending through the bottom of the burnerchamber in such manner that air-currents are drawn through said tubes. This means is ef fective only when the burner-opening area is comparatively small to the total area of the fire-plate, the result, consequently, being that the heating capacity of a burner of given size is very small compared to the heating capacity of jet or nozzle burners. There is so rious objection to the cooling of the fire-plate by passing air-currents into the combustionchamber, the excess of cold air diminishing the flame and reducing the heating capacity. If the burner-opening area can be greatly increased without causing overheating of the fire-plate, then with a given supply of hydrocarbon and air the resistance to the passage through said opening area of such hydrocarbon and air supply to the combustion-cham- 75 ber will be reduced. Therefore a proportionally larger amount of hydrocarbon can be supplied to the burner without reducing the proportion of air incorporated into the vapor-jet of hydrocarbon in the feeding thereof tothe point of ignition or burner. In practicing my invention the above-noted objections or drawbacks are overcome and the advantages or benefits resulting in the absence thereof are attained.

The nature of my invention consists of the combination of parts, including their construction and arrangement, substantially as plate having a large or extended burner or hereinafter more fully disclosed, and specifically pointed out by the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the preferred embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 is a horizontal section taken through the combustion-chamber above the burnertubes, parts also being broken away. Fig. 2 5 is a vertical section taken on the line A A of Fig. 1 looking toward the burner proper. Fig. 3 is a similar section taken on" the line Fig. 4 is a like section taken on the line 2 z of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a horizonmo tal section taken through the liquid-circulation chambers. Fig. 6 is a broken-away side view disclosing more especially the relation of the liquid-circulating pipes with respect to the tank with which they are preferably connected.

It will be understood that I'do not limit myself to the details of construction and arrangement of the parts, as they may be changed without departing from the spirit of my invention and the same yet remain intact and be protected.

In carrying out my invention I provide a centraL preferabIy rectangular, chamber 1 to receive the hydrocarbon or oil vapor gas for feeding or delivery to the burner-tubes, as presently seen. Suitably connected to said chamber at one side near its bottom is a mixing or induction tube 2, extending somewhat beyond the general outline or limits of the burner or apparatus with its receiving end slightlytlaredforobviousreasous. Arranged oppositely or centrally of and contiguously to the receiving end of the tube 2 is the jet nozzle or orifice 5 of the hydrocarbon or gas supply pipe 3, connecting with a tank or receptacle holding such fluid. As described and shown, ordinary means are provided for supplying hydrocarbon and air to the burner; but any approved means for doing this may besubstituted therefor. Twoseriesofburnertubes 4 are connected to opposite sides or walls of the chamber 1 and deliver their contents to the combustion-chamber, their inner open ends being preferably screwed into thread-edged openings produced in said walls or sides near the top of said chamber 1. Said burner-tubes are provided with closely-arranged transverse slots or orifices 4 in their upper surfaces for the delivery or escape of hydrocarbon vapor orgas supplied thereto, as will be noted later on, into the combustionchamber.

Arranged below the burner-tubes 4are two liquid-circulating chambers 5 5 which are liquid or oil tight, with the burner-tubes 4:

. let into the upper edges of their side walls a tubes, preferably by brazing, or they may be secured to the last named by electrical welding. Thus a continuous surface formed by the upper surfaces of said burner-tubes and bars is provided, forming what is termed the fire-plate. It will be understood that the term fire-plate as herein employed is goneric and inclusive of all surfaces of whatever construction provided with a burner-opening area having the mode of action herein described and is not limited to a single continuous surface. The lower surfaces of said burner-tubes on each side of the chamber 1 are in practice in contact with the liquid contained in the chambers 5 5. Although this construction as thus built up is preferred for certain purposes where lightness is of importance for ordinary commercial work, I prefer to cast the fire-plate integral with the chamber 1 and chambers 5 5 The combustion-chamber 7 is preferably formed of a'circular casing or closure 7, encompassing the burner-tubes 4: mainly and having its upper edge arranged in a plane some distance above the burner-tubes. Said casing or closure has its bottom or lower edge preferably formed angularly in cross-section, as at 7, with the vertical portion thereof preferably bolted, as at 7,, to the arcuate walls of the chambers 5 5, and the horizontal portion thereof arranged just below and extending a short distance beyond the outer ends of the burner-tubes 4.

A tank 8 to contain a supply of liquid, preferably a heavy mineral oil, and located at any convenient distance from the burner or apparatus, has connection with the chambers 5 5 by pipes 9 9, respectively, communicating with said tank and chambers laterally. The pipe 9 is preferably coiled a greater portion of its length to effect the extended or tortuous passage of the liquid therethrough for radiation or cooling purposes, as by the action of the atmosphere upon the pipe and the action of the pipe upon the liquid.

Within the liquid-tank 8 may be arranged a coil of pipe 10, with one end 10 connected to a suitable source of water-supply under pressure, as a water-main, while the other end 10 of said coil-pipe is adapted to deliver a supply of hot water where desired, and is controlled by a valve 10*, arranged therein.

When the burner or apparatus is in operation, the fire-plate will receive a greater or less amount of heat, according to the quantity of hydrocarbon and air supplied to the combustiomchamber. Said heat is conducted by the surfaces of the burner-tubes 4 to the liquid in the chambers 5 5, thus preventing the overheating of the fire-plate. As the liquid in the chambers 5 5* becomes heated the hot liquid will rise in the pipe 9 and flow to the tank 8. The cooler liquid at and near the bottom of said tank will be supplied by the heat-radiating pipe 9 to the chambers 5 5 The greater the amount of hydrocarbon supplied to the burner the more rapid the circulation of the liquidunder the fireplate, thus tending to maintain the last named at a uniform temperature. The object of this arrangement is not to maintain the fire-plate at a low temperature, but rather to maintain the fire-plate and the mixture of hydrocarbon and air supplied to the combustion-chamber at a temperature high enough to prevent the hydrocarbon, when the same is supplied in the form of vapor to said combustion-chamber, from condensing. By employing a circulating medium having ahigh boiling-point and providing means for cooling the same,

as herein, the fire-plate may be maintained at a comparatively high temperature without waste of liquid when an open-tank system of' -which, of course, would be impracticable while performing its required function.

, In the employment of the pipe-coil 10 I provide for utilizinga portion of the heat from the circulating liquid passing through the tank 8 and pipes 9 9 which would otherwise be wasted by radiation, by passing, as above suggested, a water-supply through said pipe for absorption of said heat and the consequent preheating of said water for feeding to a steam boiler, for instance, in connection with which my burner may be used, said water supply, however, being first passed through the ordinary exhaust-steam heater before being passed through the said tank, whereby said water will be delivered at a high temperature.

As before noted, the liquid herein used to provide for effecting the circulation for cooling purposes is, preferably, a heavy mineral oil having a high boiling-point, as previously observed, since it is not necessary or desirable to maintain the fire-plate at a low temperature. Witha high temperature of the circulating medium a small supply of liquid and less radiating-surface will be required.

When heating the feed-water supply to a boiler having a closed-pipe system of circulation, the pipe-coil 10 may form a part of such circulation system, and in that case to utilize all the heat possible the tank 8 and the circulatingpipes 5 9 9 would be incased or covered in non-conducting material to prevent radiation of heat from the surface therof.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In ahydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, and means whereby the heat received by said fire-plate from the ignited mixture will be absorbed by ac'irculating medium, substantially as set forth.

2. In ahyd rocarbon-burnerof the character described. a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to the combustion-charm ber of the burner, means for supplying said mixtn re to said burner-openings, and means whereby the heat received by said fire-plate from the ignited mixture will be absorbed by a circulating medium located outside of the heating zone of the burner, substantially as set'forth.

3. Inahydrocarbon-burnerofthecharacter described, a fire-plate composed of a p1urality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of hy-' drocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, and means whereby the heat received by said fireplate from the ignited mixture will be transmitted to a body of liquid, substantially as set forth.

4. In a hydrocarbon-bu rner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burner- ,openings'adapted to admit a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, and means whereby the heat received by the fire-plate from the ignited mixture will be transmitted to a body of liquid located outside the heating zone of the burner, substantially as set forth.

5. In a hydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings,means whereby the heat received by the fire-plate from the ignited mixture will be absorbed by a body of liquid, and means whereby a circulation may be maintained in said body of liquid, substantially as set forth.

6. In a hydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of aplurality ot' burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropeningsadapted to admit a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, and means whereby a supply of liquid may be maintainedin con* tact with said fire-plate, substantially as set forth.

7. In a hydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, said fire-plate havingan extended surface below said burneropeniugs, and means wherebya supply of liquid will be maintained in contact with said surface, substantially as set forth.

-8. In a hydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropeningsadapted to admit a mixture ofhydrocarbon and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, a chamber arranged upon the under side of the fire-plate and means for furnishing a supply of liquid to said chamber, said fire-plate and chamber being so arranged that the liquid contained within saidechamber shall have the efiect to control the temperature of said plate as to prevent it from becoming unduly heated, substantially as set forth.

9. In ahydrocarbon burnerofthe character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of vapor and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, said fire-plate forming one side ofa chamber adapted to receive a supply of liquid, and means for maintaining a circulation of said liquid through said chamber, substantially as set forth.

10. In a hydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes united to form a continuous surface and provided with burneropenings adapted to admit a mixture of vapor and air to the combustion-chamber of the burner, means for supplying said mixture to said burner-openings, means whereby the heat received by said fire-plate from the ignited mixture will be absorbed by a body of liquid, and means foreffecting the circulation of said liquid in contact with said fireplaie, substantially as set forth.

11. In ahydrocarbon-burner of the character described, a fire-plate composed of a plurality of burner-tubes and interposed bars adapted to form, with said burner-tubes, a continuous surface, means for supplying a mixture of hydrocarbon and air to said burnertubes, and means whereby the heat received by said fire-plate from the ignited mixture will be absorbed by a circulating body of liquid, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE L. BADGER.

Witnesses:

EDWARD HANLER, JAMES F. BURKE. 

